English Grammar: Nouns and its Types

What is a Noun?

Nouns can be the name of things, places, people, or ideas. Ashoka was a great king. Here noun Ashoka refers to a particular king and  Ashoka is a Proper Noun. Nouns inform us about what we are talking about. The use of nouns in English is simple, with some standard rules to follow. Learn English grammar rules for gender, plurals, countable and uncountable nouns, common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, and abstract nouns in the coming pages. One-year-old babies start speaking “maa,” “papa,” “dada”, and “dadi” in the beginning, so nouns are the first things learned by a learner of English as a second language in the process of learning any language. So, elementary school students need to study nouns to improve their English skills.

English Grammar: Nouns and its Types

1. Nouns: Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. They can serve as the subject or object of a sentence.
2. Common Nouns: Common nouns are general names for people, places, things, or ideas. They are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence. Examples include: “dog,” “city,” “book,” and “idea.”Common Nouns:
   1. car
   2. city
   3. book
   4. dog
   5. teacher
   6. computer
   7. table
   8. flower
   9. fruit
   10. child
   11. river
   12. house
   13. movie
   14. chair
   15. school
   16. phone
   17. animal
   18. park
   19. pen
   20. day

Examples:

 

1. 1. The dog chased the cat down the street.
   2. I visited the city last weekend.
   3. She borrowed a book from the library.
   4. My idea was to start a new business.
   5. The car needs to be washed.
   6. We enjoyed the picnic in the park.
   7. He bought a new computer for work.
   8. The table in the dining room is made of oak.
   9. Have you seen my phone anywhere?
   10. She packed her suitcase for the trip.
   11. The restaurant serves delicious food.
   12. My friend lives in an apartment downtown.
   13. We need to buy groceries for the week.
   14. The teacher assigned homework for tonight.
   15. He enjoys playing basketball with his friends.
   16. She bought a new dress for the party.
   17. The flower blossomed in the spring.
   18. They went for a walk along the beach.
   19. The doctor prescribed medicine for the illness.
   20. I need to find a new job.
2. Proper Nouns: Proper nouns are specific names of people, places, or things. They always begin with a capital letter. Examples include: “John,” “Paris,” “The Great Gatsby,” and “Microsoft.”Proper Nouns:
   1. John
   2. Paris
   3. The Great Gatsby
   4. Microsoft
   5. Mount Everest
   6. Coca-Cola
   7. Leonardo da Vinci
   8. Amazon
   9. New York City
   10. Harry Potter
   11. Statue of Liberty
   12. Google
   13. Monday
   14. Michael Jackson
   15. Eiffel Tower
   16. United States
   17. Disney World
   18. Shakespeare
   19. Sydney
   20. iPhone

1. John went to Paris for vacation.
2. I’m reading “The Great Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald.
3. Microsoft released a new version of Windows.
4. The Statue of Liberty is located in New York City.
5. My sister’s name is Emily.
6. We visited Disneyland during our trip to California.
7. I have a meeting with Mr. Smith tomorrow.
8. The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in France.
9. Have you met my friend Sarah?
10. Starbucks is my favorite coffee shop.
11. The Beatles were a popular band in the 1960s.
12. I live on Maple Street.
13. Coca-Cola is a well-known brand worldwide.
14. My favorite movie is “The Shawshank Redemption.”
15. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.
16. I bought a new iPhone from Apple.
17. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
18. My hometown is Los Angeles.
19. The Mona Lisa is displayed in the Louvre Museum.
20. I work at Google.

1. Singular Nouns: Singular nouns refer to one person, place, thing, or idea. Examples include “cat,” “apple,” “desk,” and “happiness.”Singular Nouns:
   1. cat
   2. apple
   3. desk
   4. happiness
   5. boy
   6. tree
   7. cup
   8. flower
   9. friend
   10. book
   11. beach
   12. star
   13. car
   14. river
   15. cake
   16. chair
   17. hat
   18. guitar
   19. idea
   20. mountain

Singular Nouns:

1. The cat is sleeping on the couch.
2. An apple fell from the tree.
3. He placed the book on the shelf.
4. Happiness is a choice.
5. The student raised his hand to ask a question.
6. A flower bloomed in the garden.
7. The baby smiled for the first time.
8. Time flies when you’re having fun.
9. The sun sets in the west.
10. She wore a beautiful dress to the party.
11. A butterfly landed on the flower.
12. The doctor examined the patient.
13. Music soothes the soul.
14. A bird chirped outside the window.
15. The moon shines brightly in the night sky.
16. The chef prepared a delicious meal.
17. Honesty is the best policy.
18. The child hugged his teddy bear.
19. The river flows peacefully.
20. A car drove by quickly.

1. Plural Nouns: Plural nouns refer to more than one person, place, thing, or idea. They are often formed by adding “-s” or “-es” to the singular form. Examples include: “cats,” “apples,” “desks,” and “happinesses.”Plural Nouns:
   1. cats
   2. apples
   3. desks
   4. happinesses
   5. boys
   6. trees
   7. cups
   8. flowers
   9. friends
   10. books
   11. beaches
   12. stars
   13. cars
   14. rivers
   15. cakes
   16. chairs
   17. hats
   18. guitars
   19. ideas
   20. mountains

Plural Nouns:

1. The dogs played fetch in the park.
2. We picked apples from the orchard.
3. The students listened attentively to the teacher.
4. My parents bought new chairs for the dining room.
5. The children rode their bikes to school.
6. The birds sang melodiously in the trees.
7. We planted flowers in the garden.
8. The books are stacked neatly on the shelf.
9. The friends went on vacation together.
10. The doctors worked tirelessly to save lives.
11. The houses on the street were decorated for Christmas.
12. The keys were found on the kitchen counter.
13. We bought new shoes for the kids.
14. The employees attended a training session.
15. The cats chased each other around the yard.
16. The musicians played beautiful music at the concert.
17. The cookies were baked fresh this morning.
18. The leaves fell from the trees in autumn.
19. The cars honked their horns in traffic.
20. The friends shared stories around the campfire.

1. Possessive Nouns: Possessive nouns show ownership or possession. They are formed by adding an apostrophe and “s” (‘s) to the noun. Examples include “dog’s,” “teacher’s,” “child’s,” and “company’s.”Possessive Nouns:
   1. dog’s
   2. teacher’s
   3. child’s
   4. company’s
   5. cat’s
   6. student’s
   7. parent’s
   8. book’s
   9. car’s
   10. friend’s
   11. house’s
   12. country’s
   13. man’s
   14. woman’s
   15. government’s
   16. school’s
   17. bird’s
   18. doctor’s
   19. president’s
   20. team’s

Possessive Nouns:

1. The dog’s tail wagged excitedly.
2. My sister’s car broke down on the highway.
3. The company’s profits increased this quarter.
4. The student’s homework was completed on time.
5. The book’s cover was torn.
6. The cat’s food bowl is empty.
7. My friend’s birthday is next week.
8. The teacher’s desk is cluttered with papers.
9. The child’s toy was lost in the park.
10. The restaurant’s menu offers a variety of dishes.
11. The car’s headlights illuminated the road.
12. My mom’s cooking always tastes delicious.
13. The company’s CEO gave a speech at the conference.
14. The dog’s leash was left by the door.
15. The baby’s blanket kept him warm.
16. The bird’s nest was built in the tree.
17. The computer’s screen flickered.
18. The cat’s meow woke me up early in the morning.
19. The actor’s performance received rave reviews.
20. The house’s roof needed repairs.

1. Abstract Nouns: Abstract nouns represent ideas, qualities, or states rather than concrete objects. Examples include: “love,” “happiness,” “freedom,” and “justice.”Abstract Nouns:
   1. love
   2. happiness
   3. freedom
   4. justice
   5. anger
   6. courage
   7. beauty
   8. kindness
   9. honesty
   10. sadness
   11. wisdom
   12. patience
   13. hope
   14. imagination
   15. laughter
   16. friendship
   17. loyalty
   18. success
   19. faith
   20. knowledge

Abstract Nouns:

1. Love is the most powerful force in the world.
2. Happiness comes from within.
3. Freedom is a fundamental human right.
4. Honesty is valued in any relationship.
5. Courage is facing your fears despite adversity.
6. Knowledge is gained through education.
7. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
8. Kindness makes the world a better place.
9. Patience is a virtue.
10. Success requires hard work and dedication.
11. Trust is the foundation of any friendship.
12. Loyalty is standing by someone’s side through thick and thin.
13. Wisdom comes with experience.
14. Gratitude leads to a happier life.
15. Generosity is giving without expecting anything in return.
16. Hope keeps us going during difficult times.
17. Faith gives us strength in times of doubt.
18. Peace is the absence of conflict.
19. Respect is treating others with dignity and consideration.
20. Joy is found in the little moments of life.

1. Collective Nouns: Collective nouns refer to groups of people, animals, or things as a single entity. Examples include: “team,” “family,” “herd,” and “flock.”Collective Nouns:
   1. team
   2. family
   3. herd
   4. flock
   5. army
   6. class
   7. crowd
   8. jury
   9. orchestra
   10. pack
   11. swarm
   12. audience
   13. committee
   14. staff
   15. troupe
   16. fleet
   17. gang
   18. congregation
   19. band
   20. choir

Collective Nouns:

1. The team celebrated their victory with a party.
2. The family went on a vacation together.
3. A herd of elephants crossed the savanna.
4. The flock of birds flew south for the winter.
5. The class listened attentively to the teacher.
6. A pack of wolves hunted for food.
7. The committee met to discuss the budget.
8. The swarm of bees buzzed around the hive.
9. The pride of lions rested in the shade.
10. The orchestra played beautiful music at the concert.
11. A school of fish swam together in the ocean.
12. The staff worked together to complete the project.
13. A colony of ants marched in a straight line.
14. The jury deliberated before reaching a verdict.
15. A fleet of ships sailed across the sea.
16. The congregation sang hymns during the service.
17. A troupe of actors performed on stage.
18. The herd of cattle grazed in the field.
19. The pack of cards was shuffled before the game.
20. The ensemble of musicians played in perfect harmony.

1. Compound Nouns: Compound nouns are formed by combining two or more words to create a single noun. They can be written as one word, hyphenated, or as separate words. Examples include: “toothpaste,” “mother-in-law,” “firefighter,” and “ice cream.”Compound Nouns:
   1. toothpaste
   2. mother-in-law
   3. firefighter
   4. ice cream
   5. basketball
   6. swimming pool
   7. flowerpot
   8. doorknob
   9. keyboard
   10. toothbrush
   11. breakfast
   12. skateboard
   13. greenhouse
   14. textbook
   15. mailman
   16. sunglasses
   17. raincoat
   18. keyboard
   19. bedroom
   20. toothpick

Compound Nouns:

1. Toothpaste helps keep your teeth clean.
2. My mother-in-law is coming to visit this weekend.
3. The firefighter rescued the cat from the tree.
4. We bought ice cream for dessert.
5. The coffee shop is known for its delicious pastries.
6. The police officer directed traffic at the intersection.
7. The soccer player scored a goal in the championship game.
8. My son attends preschool three days a week.
9. The high school student studied late for the exam.
10. The ice cream truck drove through the neighborhood.
11. The post office is closed on Sundays.
12. The babysitter watched the children while we went out.
13. The roller coaster at the amusement park was thrilling.
14. The dining room table was set for dinner.
15. The science fiction book was an exciting read.
16. The swimming pool is open during the summer months.
17. The flower garden bloomed with colorful blossoms.
18. The snowman melted in the warm sun.
19. The basketball game was held at the community center.
20. The toothbrush holder is on the bathroom sink.

Understanding these different types of nouns can help in accurately identifying and using them in writing and communication.

Examples:

Santosh is a girl.: Sita is a proper noun and girl is a common noun.

Girl is a common noun as it represents all girls.

Santosh is a proper noun as it is the name of proper girl.

Ramesh is a boy.: Ramesh is a proper noun and boy is a common noun.

Delhi is a city. Delhi is a proper noun and city is a common noun.

India is a country. India is a proper noun and country is a common noun.

Singular and Plural Nouns

Add ‘s’ to change sinular to plural nouns.

• thing-things
• boy-boys
• pen-pens
• pencil-pencils
• book-books
• school-schools
• door-doors
• window- windows
• dog-dogs

Add ‘es’ for the nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds to change into plurals.

• bus-buses
• box-boxes
• watch-watches
• pitch-pitches
• fox-foxes

Nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’, add ‘s’ and change ‘f’ to ‘v’, add ‘es’.

• roof-roofs
• proof-proofs
• safe-safes
• shelf-selves
• wife-wives

Collective Nouns: They are the names of a collection of people, things, and things considered and spoken together.

• An Army: Collection of people
• School: Collection of students
• Crowd: Collection of people
• Class: Collection of students
• People: Collection of humans

Abstract Nouns: They represent quality, ideas, and concepts. Examples include: beauty, youth, the elderly, the young, honesty, life, death etc.

Quality: Goodness, Kindness, Darkness, Brightness, Honesty, Bravery, Wisdom.

Action: Laughter, Theft, Movement, Judgement, hatred.

State: Childhood, Boyhood, Youth, Slavery, Sickness, Poverty.

Material Noun:As the name suggests, they are materials such as gold, silver, iron, jawar, bajra, wheat, tea, coffee, etc.

The Noun: Gender

Gender: Male and Female

Boy-Girl

Man-Woman

Lion-Lioness

Here, boy, lion, and man are Males.

Girl, woman, and lioness are females.

Hence, if a noun denotes a male, then it is called Masculine Gender. Means strength. Sun, Summer, Winter, Time, and Death.

A noun which tells us about female, then it is called Feminine Gender. Means beauty. The Moon, The Earth, Spring, Nature, Autumn, Justice, Mercy.

A noun that tells us either male or female, they are called Common Gender.

Examples of Common Gender:Child, Enenmy, Cousin, Person, Student, Parent, Infant, baby.

Rule 2. Masculine can be changed to Femnine by adding, -ess, -ine, -a etc.

Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Author	Authoress	Manager	Manageress
Actor	Actress	Mister	Mistress
Heir	Heiress	Shepherd	Shepherdess
Lion	Lioness	Count	Countess
Poet	Poetess	Steward	Stewardess

Rule 3. Masculine can be changed to Femnine by adding, -ess, after dropping the vowel of the masculine ending.

Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Conductor	Conductress	Tiger	Tigress
Emperor	Empress	Waiter	Waitress
Master	Mistress	Actor	Actress
Negro	Negress	Murderer	Murderess
Prince	Princess	Tempter	Temptress

Rule 4. Masculine can be changed to Femnine by adding a word before or after:

Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Grandmother	Grandfather	Landlord	Landlady
Milkman	Milkmaid	Peacock	Peahen
Salesman	Saleswoman	Washerman	Washerwoman
Hero	Heroine	Czar	Czarina
Fox	Vixen	Signor	Signora

English Grammar Nouns Worksheet

Exercise 1: Identify the nouns in the following sentences:

1. The dog chased the cat up the tree.
2. My sister baked a delicious cake for my birthday.
3. We went for a walk in the park yesterday.
4. The teacher handed out worksheets to the students.
5. I bought a new car last week.

Exercise 2: Circle the proper nouns in the sentences:

6. John went to London for vacation.
7. I’m reading “The Great Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald.
8. My sister‘s name is Emily.
9. We visited Disneyland during our trip to California.
10. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.

Exercise 3: Write the plural form of the following nouns:

11. Book: Books
12. Dog: Dogs
13. Child: Children
14. City: Cities
15. Mouse: Mice

Exercise 4: Rewrite the following sentences, changing the singular nouns to possessive nouns:

16. The boy‘s ball rolled into the street.
17. The teacher‘s desk is cluttered with papers.
18. My sister‘s car broke down on the highway.
19. The student‘s homework was completed on time.
20. The cat‘s food bowl is empty.

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