HBSE Class 12 Psychology 2026 Paper SOLUTION

❓ क्या हमने जो पढ़ाया वही आया?

🔥 FINAL ANSWER:

👉 YES — 80–85% पेपर PYQs + Trend Based था
👉 जो आपने पढ़ाया — वही आया (Proof नीचे 👇)

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🟢 SECTION A – MCQs ANALYSIS

👉 Section A = 90% PYQ Based

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🟡 ONE WORD / FILL UPS

👉 Almost 100% Trend Based

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🔶 ASSERTION–REASON

👉 A&R = Direct PYQ Pattern

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🟠 SECTION B (2 MARKS)

👉 Section B = 100% PYQ

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🔵 SECTION C (3 MARKS)

👉 Section C = 90–95% PYQ Based

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🔴 SECTION D (5 MARKS)

👉 Long Questions = PURE PYQ DOMINATED

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📊 FINAL DATA ANALYSIS

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🏆 FINAL VERDICT

✔ जो पढ़ाया — वही आया
✔ PYQ से तैयारी करने वाले = SAFE
✔ Out of syllabus = ZERO
✔ 60/60 possible

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🔥 MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS (2026–27)

👉 GAS Model (2021, 23, 25, 26) 🔥
👉 Defence Mechanism (Every Year) 🔥
👉 Triarchic Theory (2021, 23, 25, 26) 🔥
👉 Schizophrenia (2021, 24, 26) 🔥
👉 Attitude + Prejudice (2022, 23, 25, 26) 🔥

🟢 भाग–A (वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न)

1. चिंता विकार का प्रकार कौन-सा है?

उत्तर: (b) फोबिया
👉 फोबिया एक प्रकार का चिंता विकार है जिसमें व्यक्ति को किसी वस्तु या स्थिति से अत्यधिक भय होता है।

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2. Rational Emotive Therapy किसने दी?

उत्तर: (c) अल्बर्ट एलिस

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3. कौन-सा व्यक्तित्व प्रकार अवसाद के प्रति अधिक प्रवृत्त होता है?

उत्तर: (c) टाइप–C

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4. अभिवृत्ति की ______ यह दर्शाती है कि वह सकारात्मक है या नकारात्मक।

उत्तर: (c) वैलेंस (Valence)

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5. ‘University’ किस प्रकार का समूह है?

उत्तर: (a) औपचारिक समूह

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6. बाहरी तनावकों की प्रतिक्रिया को क्या कहते हैं?

उत्तर: (d) स्ट्रेन (Strain)

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एक शब्द/एक वाक्य

7. बिना नियमों वाला, निकट संबंधों वाला समूह

उत्तर: अनौपचारिक समूह

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8. Client-centred Therapy किसने दी?

उत्तर: कार्ल रॉजर्स

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9. संतुलन सिद्धांत (P-O-X) किसने दिया?

उत्तर: फ्रिट्ज हीडर

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10. अभिवृत्ति के संज्ञानात्मक घटक को क्या कहते हैं?

उत्तर: विश्वास (Beliefs)

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11. DSM-5 का पूरा नाम

उत्तर: मानसिक विकारों का नैदानिक एवं सांख्यिकीय मैनुअल (5वां संस्करण)

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12. चिकित्सक और क्लाइंट के विश्वास संबंध को क्या कहते हैं?

उत्तर: चिकित्सीय संबंध / रैपोर्ट (Therapeutic Alliance)

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🔶 Assertion–Reason

13.

उत्तर: (c)
👉 अभिकथन सही है, कारण गलत है।

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14.

उत्तर: (a)
👉 दोनों सही हैं और कारण सही व्याख्या करता है।

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15.

उत्तर: (a)
👉 दोनों सही हैं और कारण सही व्याख्या करता है।

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🟡 भाग–B (अति लघु उत्तरीय – 2 अंक)

16. अभिक्षमता (Aptitude)

उत्तर:
अभिक्षमता व्यक्ति की वह जन्मजात क्षमता है जिसके आधार पर वह किसी कौशल को सीख सकता है।

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17. सामाजिक पहचान (Social Identity)

उत्तर:
यह व्यक्ति की आत्म-धारणा का वह भाग है जो समूह सदस्यता से प्राप्त होता है।

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18. संघर्ष (Conflict)

उत्तर:
जब व्यक्ति के सामने दो या अधिक विरोधी उद्देश्यों होते हैं तो उसे संघर्ष कहते हैं।

अथवा

यूस्ट्रेस (Eustress)

उत्तर:
सकारात्मक तनाव जो व्यक्ति को बेहतर प्रदर्शन के लिए प्रेरित करता है।

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19. मनोचिकित्सा के नैतिक सिद्धांत

उत्तर:

• गोपनीयता

• सूचित सहमति

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20. एगोराफोबिया

उत्तर:
खुले या भीड़भाड़ वाले स्थानों का डर।

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21. प्राथमिक समूह

उत्तर:
निकट एवं भावनात्मक संबंधों वाला छोटा समूह (जैसे परिवार)

अथवा

अनौपचारिक समूह

उत्तर:
बिना नियमों के स्वाभाविक रूप से बना समूह।

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🟠 भाग–C (3 अंक)

22. फ्रायड का व्यक्तित्व संरचना सिद्धांत

उत्तर:

1. इड – सुख सिद्धांत

2. ईगो – यथार्थ सिद्धांत

3. सुपरेगो – नैतिक मूल्य

👉 संतुलन से स्वस्थ व्यक्तित्व बनता है।

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23. मौखिक व प्रदर्शन बुद्धि में अंतर

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24. GAS मॉडल

उत्तर:

1. अलार्म

2. प्रतिरोध

3. थकावट

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अथवा

तनाव से निपटने की विधियाँ

• समस्या केन्द्रित

• भावना केन्द्रित

• परिहार

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25. ऑब्सेशन व कम्पल्शन

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26. मनोचिकित्सा के उद्देश्य

• तनाव कम करना

• व्यवहार सुधार

• आत्म-जागरूकता बढ़ाना

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27. अभिवृत्ति निर्माण के कारक

• परिवार

• संस्कृति

• मीडिया

• अनुभव

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अथवा

पूर्वाग्रह व रूढ़िवादिता

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🔴 भाग–D (5 अंक)

28. PASS मॉडल

उत्तर:

• Planning

• Attention

• Simultaneous

• Successive

👉 ये चारों मिलकर बुद्धि का निर्माण करते हैं।

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अथवा

त्रिआयामी बुद्धि सिद्धांत

• विश्लेषणात्मक

• रचनात्मक

• व्यावहारिक

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29. रक्षा युक्तियाँ (Defence Mechanism)

उत्तर:

• दमन (Repression)

• प्रक्षेपण (Projection)

• अस्वीकार (Denial)

• प्रतिगमन (Regression)

👉 ये चिंता कम करती हैं।

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अथवा

व्यक्तित्व व TAT

• व्यक्तित्व = व्यवहार + विचार + भावनाएँ

• TAT = चित्र आधारित परीक्षण

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30. सिजोफ्रेनिया

उत्तर:
एक गंभीर मानसिक विकार

सकारात्मक लक्षण:

• मतिभ्रम

• भ्रम

• असंगठित व्यवहार

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अथवा

असामान्य व्यवहार व खान-पान विकार

असामान्य व्यवहार

• सामाजिक मानदंडों से विचलन

• तनाव उत्पन्न करना

एनोरेक्सिया

• अत्यधिक डाइटिंग

बुलिमिया

• अधिक खाना + उल्टी

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🏆 FINAL RESULT

✔ पूरा पेपर आसान
✔ PYQ आधारित

🟢 SECTION A (MCQs + One Word + Fill + A&R)

Q1. Which of the following is a type of anxiety disorder?

Answer: (b) Phobia
👉 Explanation: Phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by irrational fear. Autism and Conduct Disorder are not anxiety disorders.

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Q2. Who proposed Rational Emotive Therapy?

Answer: (c) Albert Ellis
👉 He developed RET focusing on changing irrational beliefs.

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Q3. Which personality type is prone to depression?

Answer: (c) Type-C
👉 Type-C individuals suppress emotions → leads to depression.

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Q4. ______ of an attitude indicates how positive or negative it is.

Answer: (c) Valence
👉 Valence shows direction (positive/negative) of attitude.

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Q5. University is an example of:

Answer: (a) Formal group
👉 It has rules, structure and defined roles.

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Q6. Reaction to external stressors is called:

Answer: (d) Strain
👉 Strain is psychological/physical response to stress.

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Q7. Group not based on rules but close relations?

Answer: Informal Group

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Q8. Who proposed Client-centred Therapy?

Answer: Carl Rogers

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Q9. Balance Theory (P-O-X triangle) proposed by:

Answer: Fritz Heider

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Q10. ______ refer to cognitive component of attitudes

Answer: Beliefs

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Q11. Full form of DSM-5

Answer: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition)

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Q12. Therapist-client trust relationship is called:

Answer: Therapeutic Alliance / Rapport

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🔶 Assertion–Reason

Q13.

Answer: (c)
👉 Stress is dynamic (True), but perception DOES depend on appraisal (Reason False)

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Q14.

Answer: (a)
👉 People join groups (True)
👉 To build social identity (Correct explanation)

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Q15.

Answer: (a)
👉 Both true and correctly related (intellectual disability explanation)

🟡 SECTION B (2 MARKS) – DETAILED ANSWERS

Q16. Define Aptitude

Answer:
Aptitude refers to an individual’s natural ability or potential to learn a particular skill or perform a task with training. It indicates how well a person can acquire knowledge or skills in the future.
👉 Example: A student good at numbers has aptitude for mathematics.

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Q17. Social Identity

Answer:
Social identity is the part of an individual’s self-concept that is derived from his/her membership in social groups such as caste, religion, gender, or class.
👉 It gives a sense of belongingness and pride.

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Q18. Conflict

Answer:
Conflict is a situation in which an individual is faced with two or more opposing motives, desires, or goals, making decision-making difficult.
👉 Example: Choosing between studies and entertainment.

OR

Eustress

Answer:
Eustress is positive stress that motivates a person to perform better. It enhances performance and helps in achieving goals.
👉 Example: Stress before exams that improves preparation.

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Q19. Ethics in Psychotherapy

Answer:

1. Confidentiality – Therapist must keep client’s information private.

2. Informed Consent – Client must be informed about therapy process and agree willingly.

👉 These ensure trust and professional conduct.

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Q20. Agoraphobia

Answer:
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an intense fear of open, crowded, or public places where escape may be difficult.
👉 The person avoids such situations.

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Q21. Primary Group

Answer:
A primary group is a small group characterized by close, personal and emotional relationships, such as family or close friends.

OR

Informal Group

Answer:
An informal group is formed naturally without rules or structure, based on personal relationships and mutual interests.

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🟠 SECTION C (3 MARKS) – DETAILED ANSWERS

Q22. Freud’s Structure of Personality

Answer:
Sigmund Freud proposed that personality consists of three components:

1. Id – Operates on pleasure principle; seeks immediate gratification of desires.

2. Ego – Operates on reality principle; balances desires with reality.

3. Superego – Represents moral values and social norms.

👉 A healthy personality depends on balance among Id, Ego and Superego.

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Q23. Verbal vs Performance Intelligence

👉 Verbal tests measure academic ability, while performance tests measure practical skills.

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Q24. GAS Model (Hans Selye)

Answer:
General Adaptation Syndrome explains body’s response to stress:

1. Alarm Stage – Body prepares (fight/flight response)

2. Resistance Stage – Body tries to cope

3. Exhaustion Stage – Energy depleted, illness may occur

👉 Prolonged stress leads to breakdown.

OR

Coping Strategies

Answer:

• Problem-focused coping – Solving the problem directly

• Emotion-focused coping – Managing emotions

• Avoidance coping – Ignoring the problem

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Q25. Obsessive vs Compulsive

👉 Example: Fear of germs (obsession) → Hand washing (compulsion)

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Q26. Goals of Psychotherapy

Answer:

• Reduce psychological distress

• Improve mental functioning

• Increase self-awareness

• Modify behaviour

👉 Aim is to help client live a healthy and balanced life.

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Q27. Factors Affecting Attitude Formation

Answer:

• Family – Early learning

• Culture – Values and beliefs

• Media – Influence through information

• Personal Experience – Direct experiences shape attitudes

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OR

Prejudice vs Stereotype

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🔴 SECTION D (5 MARKS) – DETAILED ANSWERS

Q28. PASS Model (Das, Naglieri)

Answer:
The PASS model explains intelligence through four cognitive processes:

1. Planning – Decision-making, problem solving

2. Attention – Concentration and focus

3. Simultaneous Processing – Integration of information

4. Successive Processing – Sequential processing

👉 Intelligence depends on coordination of all four processes.

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OR

Triarchic Theory (Sternberg)

Answer:
Sternberg proposed three types of intelligence:

1. Analytical Intelligence – Problem solving

2. Creative Intelligence – Innovation

3. Practical Intelligence – Real-life skills

👉 Intelligence helps in adaptation, shaping and selecting environment.

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Q29. Defence Mechanisms (Freud)

Answer:
Defence mechanisms are unconscious mental processes used by the ego to reduce anxiety.

Examples:

• Repression – Blocking painful thoughts

• Projection – Blaming others

• Denial – Refusing reality

• Regression – Returning to childish behaviour

👉 They protect the ego from stress and conflict.

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OR

Personality + TAT

Answer:
Personality is the organized pattern of behaviour, thoughts and emotions of an individual.

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test):

• A projective test

• Uses ambiguous pictures

• Person creates stories

👉 Reveals unconscious motives, needs and conflicts.

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Q30. Schizophrenia

Answer:
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting thinking, perception and behaviour.

Positive Symptoms:

• Hallucinations – Seeing/hearing things not present

• Delusions – False beliefs

• Disorganized speech

• Abnormal behaviour

👉 It disturbs contact with reality.

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OR

Abnormal Behaviour + Eating Disorders

Abnormal Behaviour

Behaviour that:

• Deviates from social norms

• Causes distress

• Leads to dysfunction

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Extreme dieting

• Fear of gaining weight

• Distorted body image

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Repeated binge eating

• Followed by vomiting or purging

👉 Both disorders are serious psychological conditions requiring treatment.

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